Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an American polymath who made significant contributions in many areas including science, politics, and literature. He was a founding father of the United States, signing both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. As a scientist, he made discoveries in electricity and invented the lightning rod. Franklin was also a successful printer, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard's Almanack. He was known for his wit and wisdom, often sharing his aphorisms such as "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." In addition, he founded the University of Pennsylvania and was an active philanthropist, establishing the first public library in America.